The Subjunctive

A) After each sentence, select the verb or verb string that best completes that sentence. Watch out: the subjunctive form will not be the best choice in all sentences:

1. It is very important that all employees ________ in their proper uniforms before 6:30 a.m.
A. are dressed
B. will be dressed
C. be dressed

2. I wish my brother _______ here.
A. were
B. was

3. The coach insisted that Fabio _______ the center position, even though he's much too short for that position.
A. plays
B. play

4. Evelyn Smith recommended that the meeting _______.
A. was adjourned
B. be adjourned

5. My mother would know what to do. Oh, would that she _______ here with us now!
A. were
B. was

6. If only Hughes ______ a little more responsible in his choice of courses!
A. was
B. were

7. If Mrs. Lincoln ________ ill that night, the Lincolns would not have gone to Ford Theater.
A. were
B. had been

8. Her employees treated Mrs. Greenblatt as though she _______ a queen.
A. was
B. were

9. If his parents ________ more careful in his upbringing, Holden Caulfield would have been quite different.
A. had been
B. were

10. I wish I ______ better today.
A. feel
B. felt

B) Fill in the blanks by using the subjunctive or any other verb form:

1. It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day.

2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill.

3. Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing.

4. It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will affect our country for generations to come.

5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes.

6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she just said.

7. Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week.

8. Was it really necessary that I (sit) there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play? It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.

9. It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company.

10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost along the way.

11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be paged.

12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake.

13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay.

14. She says that the government (regulate) the airline industry. I don't know if that is true.

15. The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal.

16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the swimming pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons.

17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sunburn.

18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.

19. I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia.

20. It is imperative that the world (work) towards a solution to global warming before the weather patterns of the world are disrupted irreparably.

C) 1) The UN requested that the government _______ its policy.

a) amends
b) amend
c) will amend

2) If only he _______ more skillful, he would make a good football player.

a) was
b) is
c) were

3) If the tickets ________ cheaper, we would have gone to the concert.

a) had been
b) were
c) are

4)The chairman suggested that the meeting _______ moved to Wednesday.

a) was
b) is
c) be

5)I wish it _______ warmer.

a) was
b) is
c) were

6)The boss insisted that the salesforce _______ its results.

a) improve
b) improved
c) improves

7)If Peter _______ better behaved, he would not be in so much trouble at school.

a) was
b) were
c) is

8) The commission recommended that the minister _______.

a) will resign
b) resigns
c) resign

9) If the new striker _______ a better goal-scorer, we might win more matches.

a) is
b) was
c) were

10) The emperor demanded that the thief ________ brought before him.

a) were
b) was
c) be

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Key: A) 1.c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.b 6.a 7.a 8.b 9.a 10.a
B) 1.remember 2.read 3.be repaired 4.focus 5.enter 6.apologize 7.attend 8.sit 9.thinks 10.drive 11.take 12.reduce 13.allow 14.regulates 15.swim 16.monitor 17.put 18.be invited 19.comes 20.work
C) 1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.c 6.a 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.c

Passive voice

A) Active or passive? Decide whether the sentences are written in Active or Passive. Match all the items on the right with the items on the left:

a)They listen to music.	??? ActivePassive
b)She is reading an e-mail.	??? ActivePassive
c)These cars are produced in Japan.	??? ActivePassive
d)Alan teaches Geography.	??? ActivePassive
e) German is spoken in Austria.	??? ActivePassive
f)Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake.	??? ActivePassive
g)Henry Ford invented the assembly line.	??? ActivePassive
h)The bus driver was hurt.	??? ActivePassive
i) You should open your workbooks.	??? ActivePassive
j)Houses have been built.	??? ActivePassive

k)Boys like to play soccer.	??? ActivePassive
l)This room has been painted blue.	??? ActivePassive
m)Cricket is played in Australia.	??? ActivePassive
n)I am given a book.	??? ActivePassive
o)We have lost our keys.	??? ActivePassive
p)You might see dolphins here.	??? ActivePassive
q)The report must be completed by next Friday.	??? ActivePassive
r)They were singing a song.	??? ActivePassive
s)A letter was written to her.	??? ActivePassive
t)The bike is being repaired.	??? ActivePassive

B) Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Active Voice to the corresponding tenses in the Passive Voice. Preserve the meaning of the sentences by using the preposition by and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:

The teenager rowed the boat.
The boat was rowed by the teenager.

The girl is riding the horse.
The horse is being ridden by the girl.

The student has prepared the lunch.
The lunch has been prepared by the student.

The president will thank the members.
The members will be thanked by the president.

The children can understand the poem.
The poem can be understood by the children.

1. The woman founded the club.
2. This entry took the prize.
3. The girl is playing the guitar.
4. The mailman has delivered the letter.
5. The chauffeur can drive the car.
6. The child chose the hat.
7. The cat chased the mouse.
8. The workers will weave the carpet.
9. The stranger could have bought the hiking boots.
10. The dealer has sold the car.
11. The dog splashed the water.
12. The man has watered the garden.

C)Change the underlined verbs in the following sentences from the Passive Voice to the corresponding tenses in the Active Voice. Preserve the meaning of the sentences by omitting the preposition by and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:

The news was heard by everyone.
Everyone heard the news.

The orders were followed by the officials.
The officials followed the orders.

The money is being counted by the cashier.
The cashier is counting the money.

The ducks have been fed by the tourists.
The tourists have fed the ducks.

The flowers will be photographed by the naturalist.
The naturalist will photograph the flowers.

1. The bill was paid by the manager.
2. The bread was made by the baker.
3. The wiring must be checked by the electrician.
4. The crow was being scolded by the squirrel.
5. The book was written by a doctor.
6. The house was painted by a student.
7. The seeds were taken by the chickadee.
8. The cider has been drunk by the guest.
9. The mail is opened by the secretary.
10. The ingredients have been measured by the cooks.
11. The bird was seen by the photographers.
12. His work will be published by the magazine.

D) Complete the following sentences using the Simple Present Subjunctive of the Passive Voice of the verbs shown in parentheses. For example:

She ordered that the most important details _______ known. (to make)
She ordered that the most important details be made known.

He advises that the plane ________ at a high altitude. (to fly)
He advises that the plane be flown at a high altitude.

1. They demand that the change of plans _____________ at nine o'clock. (to announce)
2. We ask that permission to compete ____________ to everyone. (to grant)
3. It is important that their accomplishments ____________. (to recognize)
4. It is crucial that we _____________ of any change. (to advise)
5. He asks that his affairs ____________ in order. (to put)
6. They requested that their qualifications ______________. (to accept)
7. We insist that he not _____________ his rights. (to deny)
8. It is necessary that the requirements _____________. (to meet)
9. She requests that the most experienced candidate ___________. (to choose)
10. It is recommended that care __________ in making the repairs. (to take)
11. He insists that smoking ______________. (to forbid)
12. It is essential that supplies _____________ well in advance. (to order)
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Key: A)a)Active b)Active c)Passive d)Active e)Passive f)Passive g)Active h)Passive i)Active j)Passive k)Active l)Passive m)Passive n)Passive o)Active p)Active q)Active r)Active s)Passive t)Passive

B)1. The club was founded by the woman. 2. The prize was taken by this entry. 3. The guitar is being played by the girl. 4. The letter has been delivered by the mailman. 5. The car can be driven by the chauffeur. 6. The hat was chosen by the child. 7. The mouse was chased by the cat. 8. The carpet will be woven by the workers. 9. The hiking boots could have been bought by the stranger. 10. The car has been sold by the dealer. 11. The water was splashed by the dog. 12. The garden has been watered by the man
C) 1. The manager paid the bill. 2. The baker made the bread. 3. The electrician must check the wiring. 4. The squirrel was scolding the crow. 5. A doctor wrote the book. 6. A student painted the house. 7. The chickadee took the seeds. 8. The guest has drunk the cider. 9. The secretary opens the mail. 10. The cooks have measured the ingredients. 11. The photographers saw the bird. 12. The magazine will publish his work.
D) 1. be announced 2. be granted 3. be recognized 4. be advised 5. be put 6. be accepted 7. be denied 8. be met 9. be chosen 10. be taken 11. be forbidden 12. be ordered
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E)Turn these sentences into the Passive:

1) Julia rescued three cats. .

2) The students handed in the reports. .

3) Maria crashed into the blue car. .

4) Alex learned the poem. .

5) Steven has forgotten the book. .

6) The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder. .

7) They play handball. .

8) Sue puts the rucksack on the floor. .

9) The girls had lost the match. .

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Key: 1) Three cats were rescued. 2) The reports were handed in. 3) The blue car was crashed into. 4) The poem was learned. 5) The book has been forgotten. 6) The DVD recorder has not been repaired. 7) Handball is played. 8) The rucksack is put on the floor. 9) The match had been lost. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- F) 1) They don't speak English in this shop. . 2) Kevin asked Dennis a question. . 3) Somebody built the house last year. . 4) She gives him a box. . 5) Max will look after him. . 6) The waiter brought Fred a big steak. . 7) Somebody broke into our bungalow last Friday. . 8) The teacher told us a joke. . 9) They will meet Doris at the station. . 10) Michael has not sent me a text message. . G) Rewrite these sentences in Present Continuous in passive voice: 1. Sheila is drinking a cup of tea. 2. My father is washing the car. 3. Farmer Joe is milking the cows. 4. She is taking a picture of him. 5. I am writing a poem. 6. We are not playing football. 7. He is not wearing a tie. 8. Is she preparing the party? 9. Are they talking about the meeting? 10. Is she watering the flowers? H) Complete the sentences by using Simple Past in passive voice: 1. This recipe (introduce) to Europe by the famous explorer Marco Polo. 2. This frozen dessert (think) to have been developed by the Chinese but recent research shows that it was first made in India. 3. This frozen dessert (call) Cheese cake. 4. Then, the ice cream (place) inside the cone. 5. The waffles (use) as serving dishes for the ice cream. 6. The people at the World's Fair (delight) by this delicious combination. 7. The ice cream vendor talked with the waffle-maker and an agreement (make). 8. The ice cream cone (create) many years later, in 1904. 9. The first public ice cream shop (open) in 1832 by a former White House cook. 10. Recipes for ice cream (bring) to America by European immigrants. 11. Not enough dishes (bring) by the ice cream vendor. 12. In addition to fruit and ice, milk (use) in this second recipe. 13. Ice cream (serve) by the President's wife in the White House in the early 1800s. 14. Ice cream (sell) at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis. 15. Fruit and ice (combine) to make a refreshing treat. 16. First, the waffles (twist) into a cone shape. 17. By the seventeenth century, cream (use) in the recipes for a richer dessert. 18. By the 1200s, a second type of ice cream (discover) in China. 19. A type of ice cream (invent) by the Chinese many centuries ago. 20. A recipe for this type of frozen treat (bring) to ancient Rome. I) Correct the mistakes in these passive voice sentences. Example: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.) 1. 3000 employees were laying off. 2. A story will made up. 3. An idea was putted forward for discussion. 4. Has the book been give back to you yet? 5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time. 6. Nothing can be hold against me. 7. Our allies will be lend support. 8. She has never heard of. 9. She was being knocked down by a bus. 10. She was letted off with a fine. 11. The candle was blow out by the draught. 12. The criminal were locked up. 13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers. 14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money. 15. The keys must have been being left behind. 16. The old cinema is being pull down. 17. The protesters being held back by the police. 18. The road was blocking off. 19. Thirty more people were layed off last week. 20. Your jacket can be hang up over there. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Key: F) 1) English is not spoken in this shop. 2) Dennis was asked a question by Kevin. 3) The house was built last year. 4) He is given a box. 5) He will be looked after by Max. 6) A big steak was brought to Fred. 7) Last Friday our bungalow was broken into. 8) We were told a joke by the teacher. 9) Doris will be met at the station. 10) I have not been sent a text message. G) 1. A cup of tea is being drunk by Sheila 2.The car is being washed by my father 3.The cows are being milked by farmer 4.A picture of him is being taken by her 5.A poem is being written by me 6.Football is not being played by us.7. A tie is not being worn by him. 8. Is the party being prepared by her? 9.Is the meeting being talked about by them? 10. Are the flowers being watered by her? H) I) 1. 3000 employees were laid off. 2. A story will be made up. 3. An idea was put forward for discussion. 4. Has the book been given back to you yet? 5. My bank loan will be paid off in five years time. 6. Nothing can be held against me. 7. Our allies will be lent support. 8. She has never been heard of. 9. She was knocked down by a bus. 10.She was let off with a fine. 11.The candle was blown out by the draught. 12.The criminal was locked up. 13.The flood water was being kept back by barriers. 14.The inconvenience will be made up for by this money. 15.The keys must have been left behind. 16.The old cinema is being pulled down. 17.The protesters are being held back by the police. 18.The road was blocked off or: The road was being blocked off. 19.Thirty more people were laid off last week. 20.Your jacket can be hung up over there.

Tenses

A) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given (Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous) by paying attention to time markers if any:

1. a) He __________ (live) in Atlanta.
b) He __________ (live) in Atlanta at present, but he is moving to Boston next month.
c) He __________(live) in Atlanta for twenty years.

2. a) He __________ (always/lock) his door and windows at night.
b) Uh-oh! You __________ (leave) the car door unlocked again!
c) You __________ (always/leave) your keys in the car! What's wrong with you?
d) This is the fifth time this week that you __________ (leave) your keys in the car. You __________ (do) this ever since you bought the car six months ago!

3. a) He __________ (leave) next week.
b) His flight __________ (leave)at 10:00 AM on Monday.
c) He isn't here. He __________ (just/leave) for the airport.

4. a) Water __________ (boil) at 100ºC.
b) Look! The water __________ (boil). You can put the spaghetti now.

5. a) You need a break. You __________ (study) all morning.
b. You __________ (study) everything, so why don't you get some sleep?

6. a) Mary __________ (taste) the soup now to make sure it __________ (taste) good.
b) Mmm! I __________ (never/taste)anything so good!

7. a) Ann: I__________ (see) you're in a much better mood these days.
b) Sue: Yes, I __________ (see) someone for the last 2 months. I think I'm in love.
c) Ann: I __________ (not/believe) what I __________ (hear).

8. a) I __________ (think) it's time I took a vacation.
b) I __________ (think) of going to Hawaii.
c) Ever since I made plans to go, I__________ (think) about the trip day and night.

9. a) She __________ (have) more than a hundred stamps in her collection now.
b) She __________ (have) a party on Saturday.
c) She __________ (have) a wonderful time on vacation doesn't want it to end!

10. a) The house __________ (belong) to the Smith family.
b) The house __________ (belong) to them for a year now, but they may sell it.

B) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous) by paying attention to time markers if any:

1. a) The burglar __________ (climb) up the ladder, __________ (open) the window and __________ (enter) the bedroom.

2. a) He __________ (move) to NYC in 1967, more than 30 years ago.
b) He __________ (live) in NYC for 30 years; then he moved to Chicago.
c) He __________ (live) in Chicago when he met the woman who became his wife.
d) He __________ (only/live) there a few months when he met her.

3. a) He __________ (play) football almost every day of his childhood.
b) His clothes were all muddy because he __________ (play) in the rain.
c) Tom __________ (play) football while Mary __________ (play) chess.
d) He __________(play) in the yard for hours when suddenly it __________ (begin) to rain.

4. a) He __________ (turn) to a life of crime because his family __________ (live) in poverty for 20 years.
b) He __________ (always/be) poor so he __________ (want) to change his life.
c) The judge __________ (send) him to prison because he __________ (rob) a bank.

5. a) Her son __________ (finish) all his homework by the time she __________ (get) home.
b) She __________ (work) hard all day so she __________ (be) ready for a break.

6. a) When they __________ (wake up) this morning, it __________ (rain) so they __________ (can/not) go on a picnic.
b) It __________ (rain) all day, so they __________ (have) to stay home.

7. As soon as I __________ (hear) the noise, I __________ (suspect) that someone __________ (try) to break into the house.

8. a) She told him she __________ (decide) to leave him because she no longer __________ (love) him.
b) He said he __________ (have) a difficult time at work in the past few months and __________ (promise) to be a better husband in the future.
c) She told him she __________ (give) him too many chances in the past and he __________ (always/disappoint) her.


B) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given (Simple Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect, Future Perfect Continuous) by paying attention to time markers if any:

1. a) I think I __________ (make) spaghetti for dinner.
b) I suppose he __________ (pass) the test.
c) We hope it __________ (be) nice tomorrow.
d) I promise I __________ (write) you every week.
e) Do that again and I __________ (punish) you!
f) I __________ (study) and I __________ (pass) this test if it's the last thing I do!

2. a) __________ (you/have) dinner with us tonight?
b) __________ (you/bring) me a cup of coffee, please?

3. a) At this time next week he __________ (lie) on the beach.
b) It's well after midnight. They __________ (probably/sleep).
c) __________ (you/go) to the supermarket? If so, could you pick up some milk, please?

4. a) By the end of the month we __________ (finish) this book and started another.
b) Don't bother calling them. They __________ (leave) by now.

5. a) By the time she leaves the office, she __________ (work) for 8 hours.
b) By 3 o'clock the secretary __________ (type) more than 20 years.
c) By this time tomorrow, he __________ (ask) her to marry him.
d) By the end of the month they __________ (move out) of their old house and __________ (live) in their new one.

6. Simple Future or Simple Present?
a) We __________ (go) on a picnic if Dad __________ (take) the day off.
b) Uh-oh! Look at those clouds. I __________ (take) an umbrella in case it __________(rain).
c) I__________ (tell) him to call you as soon as he __________ (get) home.

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Key: A) 1. a) lives b) is living c) has lived 2. a) always locks b) have left c) are always leaving d) have left / have been doing 3. a) is leaving b) leaves c) has just left 4. a) boils b) is boiling 5. a) have been studying b) have studied 6. a) is tasting b) have never tasted 7. a) see b) have been seeing c) don't believe / have heard 8. a) think b) am thinking c) have been 9. a) has b) is having c) has been having 10. a) belongs b) has belonged

B) 1. a) climbed / opened / entered 2. a) moved b) had lived c) was living d) had only been living 3. a) played b) had been playing c) was playing d) had been playing e) began 4. a) turned / had lived b) had nalways been / wanted c) sent / had robbed 5. a) had finished / got b) had been working / was 6. a) woke / was raining / couldn't b) rained / had 7. a) heard / suspected / was trying 8. a) had decided / loved b) had been having / promised c) had given / had always disappointed

C) 1. a) will make b) will pass c) will be d) will write e) will punish f) will study / will pass 2. a) will you have b) will you bring 3. a) will be lying b) will probably be sleeping c) will you be going 4. a) will have finished b)will have left 5. a) will have been working b) will have typed c) will have asked d) will have moved / will be living 6. will go / takes b) will take / rains c) will tell / gets

Crime and punishment

A. NAME THAT CRIME – Match the sentences in the box with their corresponding definitions:

a) Police said three teenagers face burglary charges after one of them admitted to breaking into an empty apartment and vandalizing it. b) The forgery perpetrated by Hans van Meegeren is probably the most famous in the art world. c) In 1797 the government decreed death penalty for anyone found smuggling goods in an attempt to protect the home industries. d) Today, half of all credit card fraud is conducted online, meaning that the fraudsters make online purchases with the credit card details of other people. e) A German woman was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to 15 years in prison yesterday for killing eight of her newborn babies. f) A firefighter suffered minor burns. The suspect arrested by the police faces arson charges. g) If damages related to vandalism occur to the exterior surface of a room door or window, the residents must contact the Maintenance manager within 24 hours and provide documentation indicating they should not be held responsible. h) Of the embezzlement cases uncovered in 1989 by the bank's investigative auditors, a statistical summary of the perpetrators shows that 62% were female employees and 38% male employees. i) The effects of shoplifting have obliged store owners to have backpack or bag check in policies, security cameras, security guards, and other special alarms in order to catch offenders. j) Whoever commits assault and battery on a person sixty years or older by means of a dangerous weapon shall be punished by imprisonment in the state prison for not more than ten years. k) Generally, knives are used most often to commit armed robbery, although when the target is a bank, credit union or building society a firearm is more frequently employed. l) Nearly 3 out of every 10 homicide victims in New York City in the early 1990s had evidence of cocaine in their bodies when they died.

1 _____________- the act of murdering someone

2 _____________- the act of breaking into a house and intending to steal

3 _____________- the act of removing goods from a shop without paying

4 _____________- the act of using a deadly weapon to help you steal

5_____________ - the act of destroying public property

6 _____________- the act of copying a painting and pretending it is original

7 _____________- the act of criminally deceiving or tricking someone

8 _____________- the act of sneaking drugs or other things into a country

9 _____________- the act of killing someone without intending to

10 ____________- the act of using a company's money for your own gain

11 ____________- the act of starting a fire and intending to cause damage

12 ____________- the act of attacking someone physically

B. WHO'S WHO IN THE COURTROOM? - Complete the prompts with words from the box.

a) Juror Daniel Cochran said as many as eight of his 12 colleagues agreed to impose a death sentence on the terrorist. b) Mr. Smith finally agreed to have his two civilian defense counsel sit at the defense table and represent him in this particular session until Col. Kohlmann made a final decision. c) Whether you are a key witness to a murder trial or a bystander to a shoplifting crime, your testimony should be well-executed and well-presented in court. d) A federal jury declared a convict guilty in the kidnapping and killing of college student Martha Jones, whose body was found abandoned in a city dump. e) Any defendant who is charged with a drug offense shall be informed that he/she is entitled to request an examination to determine whether or not he/she is a drug dependent person who would benefit by treatment. f) According to the Washington Post, Judge Edith Clement may be the president's choice to replace retiring Supreme Court justice Sandra Day-O'Connor. g) A prosecutor accused George Ryan's lawyer of threatening him during the former governor's fraud trial. h) A court reporter must be able to accurately transcribe at least 200 words per minute to be certified and it takes a lot of practice to become that fast.

1. The __________________ is the person on trial.

2. The __________________ is the lawyer who represents the person on trial.

3. The __________________ tries to prove the person on trial is guilty.

4. A __________________ gives testimony to the court under oath.

5. A __________________ hears cases in court and makes legal decisions.

6. A __________________ is a group of 12 people who decide the outcome of certain trials.

7. A __________________ is one of the 12 people who decide the outcome of a trial.

8. A __________________ records everything that is said at the trial.

C. COURT ACTIONS - Complete the prompts with words from the box.

a) A Georgia dentist pleaded guilty Friday to killing his wife in 2004 and to shooting to death a girlfriend 14 years earlier while he was in dental school. b) A teen bride will testify against a polygamist next Wednesday, but she insists that rape charges should be dropped. c) Saddham Hussein faces the graver charge of genocide. If found guilty, he’ll be sentenced to death by hanging. d) The Guantanamo detainees were charged with war crimes early this week. e) A blind man who was convicted of dangerous driving after he admitted being behind the wheel of a car that touched 35 mph was given a three-month suspended sentence on Monday. f) As the prosecutor didn’t prove all the elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt, the police officer was acquitted by the jury. g) These lawyers have defended thousands of activists who were arrested for exercising basic rights. h) A large number of children who are prosecuted in general criminal courts are not charged with violent offences.

1 __________________ - what you do when you officially accuse sb. of a crime.

2 __________________ - what the defense does on behalf of his client at the start of a trial.

3 __________________ - what a lawyer does when he tries to show someone is innocent.

4 __________________ - what a lawyer does when he tries to show someone is guilty.

5 __________________- what a witness does when he gives evidence in court.

6 __________________ - what a jury does when they find someone innocent.

7 __________________ - what a jury does when they find someone guilty.

8 __________________ - what a judge does when he determines a criminal's prison term.

D. OTHER CRIME NOUNS - Match the words in the box with their definitions below.

1 __________________ - feeling that someone has committed a crime

2 __________________ - money set as penalty for breaking the law

3 __________________ - proof that is used to try and find someone guilty

4 __________________ - reason for committing a crime

5 __________________ - explanation someone gives to the police to show their innocence

6 __________________ - minor breaking or violation of the law

7 __________________ - final decision of the jury

8 __________________ - statement or claim that has not yet been proved

E. INSTANT REPLAY - Use the words in the WARM-UP to help you answer the following questions.

1. The accountant was charged with ... for stealing the company's money.

a. arson

b. homicide

c. embezzlement

d. forgery

2. The ... listened to the evidence against him in stony silence.

a. prosecutor

b. juror

c. witness

d. defendant

3. He was ... of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.

a. judged

b. convicted

c. acquitted

d. charged

4. The dead man's wife was arrested on ... of murder.

a. allegation

b. evidence

c. offense

d. suspicion

5. A drunken driver who accidentally kills someone will be charged with ....

a. forgery

b. burglary

c. vandalism

d. manslaughter

6. The ... presented a convincing case against the man on trial.

a. judge

b. prosecutor

c. defendant

d. court reporter

7. The lawyer ... his client to the best of his ability.

a. defended

b. pleaded

c. sentenced

d. testified

8. What... could anyone have had for murdering such a poor old woman?

a. verdict

b. alibi

c. motive

d. suspicion

9. Everyone was amazed when the painting turned out to be a(n)....

a. suspicion

b. homicide

c. arson

d. forgery

10. The suspect was arrested and ... with murder in the first degree.

a. charged

b. prosecuted

c. convicted

d. accused

11. The suspect was released because there was not enough ... against him.

a. suspicion

b. allegation

c. evidence

d. motive

12. The ... took several days to return a verdict in the difficult trial.

a. judge

b. jury

c. juror

d. lawyer for the defense

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Key: A) 1.homicide 2.burglary 3.shoplifting 4.armed robbery 5.vandalism 6.forgery 7.fraud 8.smuggling 9.manslaughter 10.embezzling 11.arson 12.assault and battery

B) 1.defendant 2.The counsel for the defense 3.prosecutor 4.witness 5.judge 6.jury 7.juror 8.court reporter

C) 1.charge 2.plead(guilty/innocent) 3.defend 4.prosecute 5.testify 6.acquit 7.convict 8.sentence

D)1.suspicion 2.fine 3.evidence 4.motive 5.alibi 6.offense 7.veredict 8.allegation

E) 1. c 2.d 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.b 7.a 8.c 9.d 10.a 11.c 12.b

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F. NAME THAT CRIME – Match the sentences in the box with their corresponding definitions:

a) The small fines for this type of crime do not act as much of a deterrent. b) The police think the intruder got into the apartment through an unlocked window. c) When the cops showed up, the crowd vanished in an instant. d) Law enforcement officers, some of whom are State or Federal special agents or inspectors, perform the duty of protecting people's lives and property. e) Why does the incidence of Mariguana use continue to climb? f) Many countries claim that the jail in Guantanamo is an utter violation of international law. g) While many societies practice capital punishment, most developed countries had abolished death sentencing by 2003. h) Effective crime prevention must be our main goal. i) More people commit suicide at Christmas than at any other time. j) I got arrested for careless driving. k) There were 16 cases of damage to cars in the area. l) The prison cell the criminal was placed was plagued with rats and roaches. m) The convict who was serving a term of life imprisonment escaped last week. n) Many shooting incidents go unreported. o) She received an eight-year prison sentence. p) The Sergeant told Smith to guard the entrance.

1 _____________- someone who has been found guilty of a crime and is serving time in prison.

2 _____________- somenone who makes sure that the law is obeyed (ie, a member of the police force).

3 _____________- someone who enters where he is welcome or unwanted (eg, a burglar)

4 _____________- cage-like place where a prisoner is kept.

5_____________ - someone who keeps prisoners under control.

6 _____________- prison term, period of imprisonment.

7 _____________- same as death penalty (eg, death by hanging or electric chair).

8 _____________- an act of breaking the law; offense.

9 _____________- happening or event which is often unpleasant.

10 ____________- brief moment in time.

11 ____________- the rate at which something happens or occurs.

12 ____________- a particular situation (eg, legal or medical)

13 ____________- the act of taking your own life.

14 ____________- the act of capturing somebody who has broken the law

15_____________- the act of stopping something from happening

16 ____________- something that prevents or discourages another thing from happening.

G. BLANK-FILLING - Use the words from the box above to fill in the sentences below:

1. The prisoner was ill and couldnit leave his __________.

2. The __________ who escaped over the prison wall this morning hasn't still been captured.

3. The bank robbers were given a(n) __________ of 10 years in prison.

4. Police have made several __________s in connection with yesterday's bank robbery.

5. He believes in "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" and is srongly in favor of __________.

6. He is currently studying criminal justice and hopes to become a __________.

7. The killer had tried to make the death look like a(n) __________ but police weren't fooled.

8. The __________ escorted the defendant into the courtroom.

9. The shoplifter grabbed the ring and flew out of the shop in a(n) __________.

10. Police are concerned about the growing __________ of burglary in the area.

11. The lawyer refused to take the __________ as he suspected the accused was lying.

12. Most crime experts do not believe that the death penalty is a(n) __________ to violent crime.

13. The police arrived just in time to prevent a nasty __________.

14. Drinking while under the influence of alcohol is a clear __________ of the law.

15. To discourage burglars, the residents organized a local crime __________.

16. The burglar alarm went off as soon as the __________ touched the front door.

H. SYNONYM SEARCH - Read the examples below and then match the words with their definitions:

a. The case had all the appearances of a straightforward murder
b. I had no alternative but to report him to the police.
c. There has been a dispute over the ownership of the land among the town residents.
d. The police have issued a detailed description of the missing woman.
e. When I was a kid, my friend’s mother always made him clean up his room before the housekeeper came.
f. A growing number of households have at least one computer.
g. There was much lively debate about if women should spend more time in the home.
h. She was found in possession of stolen goods.
i. The new president's first act should be to end the war.
j. A good fight with your spouse could be good for your relationship, a new study has found.
k. The hotel is not responsible for any loss or damage to guests' personal property.
l. Fewer and fewer women like the idea of becoming a housewife and spend the rest of their lives without a job.
m. Can TV violence cause aggressive behavior?
n. I have no recollection of how I found my way there in the dark.
o. Controversy began over the use of psychological tortures on prisoners.
p. Please, do not your valuables unattended when you enter the airport.

1 _____________- things that you own that are worth a lot of money (eg, jewelry, art).

2 _____________- the state of having something belong to you, of being an owner.

3 _____________- the state of having something (which may or may not be yours); also, something you own.

4 _____________- anything you own (eg, land, buildings and other items).

5_____________ - somebody (usually female) who is paid to do the housework.

6 _____________- woman who looks after her home and family and is not otherwise employed.

7 _____________- all the people who live together in a house or apartment.

8 _____________- formal word for husband or wife.

9 _____________- the way somebody acts or conducts themselves.

10 ____________- something that is done.

11 ____________- the power of or ability to remember; also, something that is remembered.

12 ____________- choice, option.

13 ____________- public disagreement; also, an issue over which the public disagrees.

14 ____________- the act of coming into view; also what can be seen or how something looks.

15_____________- an account in words (eg, what happened or how something or somebody looks)

16 ____________- formal discussion of the good and the bad sides of a subject.

I. BLANK-FILLING - Use the words from the box above to fill in the sentences below:

1. Many angry citizens attend the __________ on the city's plans to rebuild a nuclear power plant.

2. The witness had poor eyesight so she was unable to give a __________ of her attacker.

3. __________ of illegal drugs is a serious crime.

4. When her youngest daughter married, the __________ decided it was time to find a job.

5. When he found out that his son was the murderer, he had no __________ but to call the police.

6. Issues like capital punishment and abortion have always been the subject of great __________.

7. When his father became too ill to drive, he transferred __________ of his car to his son.

8. The farm was a huge __________ consisting of more than 100 acres of rich farmland.

9. Inexperienced shoplifters often give themselves away by their suspicious __________.

10. The murder was a(n) __________ of pure inhumanity.

11. The couple was forced to fire their __________ when they caught her stealing jewelry.

12. They were afraid of burglars so they kept all their __________ in a safe-deposit box at the bank.

13. His memory was affected in the accident and he has no __________ of what happened.

14. Our __________ suddenly increased from two to five when the triplets were born!

15. The boss encouraged the married employees to bring their __________s to the party.

16. The sudden __________ of the police car caused the burglars to stop in their tracks.